The last decade settled an argument. Shocks are not interruptions to normal conditions. They are a feature of them. A pandemic closed borders and schools. Commodity price swings turned fiscal projections into fiction within a single quarter. Currency and inflation shocks repriced household budgets overnight. Floods and droughts arrived with…

Almost every government in Africa has committed to good governance. The commitments appear in constitutions, party manifestos, national development plans, ministerial speeches and the founding charters of regional bodies. Very few of them are stated in a form that anyone can verify. That is the heart of the problem. Transparency,…

Nigeria has never suffered from a shortage of plans. Vision 2010. NEEDS. Vision 20:2020. The Economic Recovery and Growth Plan. The National Development Plan 2021–2025. Ghana has produced its own sequence — Vision 2020, the Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies, Ghana Beyond Aid. Between them, these documents…